utopia

In 1759, Voltaire published his satirical masterpiece Candide, in which the naïve protagonist stumbles upon a seemingly perfect land: El Dorado. This golden realm, hidden deep in the mountains of South America, serves as a philosophical mirror held up to European society. But which thinkers and intellectual currents shaped Voltaire’s vision of this utopia? The roots stretch from Plato’s ideal state to the Renaissance humanists, touching upon questions that Freemasons have grappled with for centuries: how do we build a better world? The Utopian Tradition Before Voltaire The concept of an ideal society has a long history in Western thought. Plato, in his Republic, envisioned a community governed by philosopher-kings, where justice reigned as the supreme virtue. This vision remained influential for centuries, inspiring generations of thinkers to formulate their own societal ideals. In 1516, Thomas More published Utopia, describing a fictional island where private property did not exist and religious tolerance prevailed. The very title became synonymous with any imagined perfect land. Voltaire knew these works intimately. As a voracious reader and tireless correspondent with intellectuals across Europe, he had access to the entire utopian canon. Tommaso Campanella’s The City of the Sun and Francis Bacon’s New Atlantis were […]